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When you cloned an object in PHP 4 and changed one of the variables, this was only changed in the copy. You would have to explicitly tell PHP to make a reference by using the & sign.

In PHP 5 this was changed. When you do anything with an object it is always a reference. You can however change this by using the lesser known clone construct.

Take for example the following situation:

<?php
class Console
{
	public $hello;
}

$console = new Console();
$console->hello = 'world';

$clone = $console;
$clone->hello = 'clone';

echo '$console: ' . $console->hello;
echo '$clone: ' . $clone->hello;
?>

In PHP 4 this would output

$console: world
$clone: clone

However in PHP 5 this will output

$console: clone
$clone: clone

To create a real clone of the Console class you can use the clone construct like this:

<?php
$console = new Console();
$console->hello = 'world';

$clone = clone $console;
$clone->hello = 'clone';

When you see the output now, it’s actually what you’d expect it to be:

$console: world
$clone: clone

When you get a fatal error from PHP which is saying that the open_basedir restrictions are in place it simply means that it’s not possible to include or open files outside these directories.

However, this can be solved by changing the ‘open_basedir‘ ini using the ini_set() function or when you’re hosted on a Plesk server by creating a vhost.conf file in the conf directory using the following contents:

<Directory VHOST_DIR/httpdocs>
php_admin_value open_basedir "VHOST_DIR/httpdocs:/tmp:VHOST_DIR/ADD_DIR"
</Directory>

Change VHOST_DIR to the directory of your domain, and ADD_DIR to the directory you wish to add. After this run the following command to reload the configuration for the webserver.

/usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/websrvmng -v -a

However, chances are that this is not possible for your account at which point you have to ask your hoster to either disable or add the directory the open_basedir directive for your account.

On Debian and Ubuntu (that’s because Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution) you can use apt-get to install or update applications on your Linux machine. However, sometimes you’ll have to download a .deb file or you get one from a CD-rom or other media.

To install a .deb file you need to be the root user of the box and use the dpkg command.

dpkg -i filename.deb

Dpkg can also be used to:

• dpkg –unpack: unpacks the file but doesn’t install it
• dpkg –configure: shows the configuration options which are available for the package
• dpkg –remove: removes (uninstall) a package from the system

To get more information from a package file (such as the version of the application) you can use the dpkg-deb command in the following way:

dpkg-deb –show filename.deb

Even more (less used) commands can be found in the manual pages of the dpkg command.

If you’ve tried to jailbreak your iPod Touch and it miserably failed you can try to force a restore of your iPod Touch by doing the following:

While the iPod is connected to your computer:

1. Hold the Home and sleep button until the iPod turns off.
2. Keep holding until the iPod turns back on with the Apple Logo.
3. Once the Apple logo appears, let go of the sleep button, but keep holding the home button.
4. After some 20 seconds or so, the Apple logo will turn to the iTunes + Cable image. You can let go of the home button now and iTunes will restore.